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The teeth are highly specialized structures, use of animals as weapons to defend and attack, and to obtain, grind and chew food. Each tooth is divided into three parts: the crown is the visible portion that protrudes from the gum, the neck is slightly narrower that area at the gum and the root is that which is usually anchored to the jaw.



Margo B. Maloney, DVM

The arrangement of the teeth is the two dental arches: the upper jaw and the lower. Many teeth are arranged on the lower jaw in a way that allows them to meet, or overlap with the teeth in the lean side. The function of this non-occlusion or occlusion imperfect is to benefit the plug, drilling or cutting of food or enemies. In dogs, the food is chewed rather than swallowed, and do not need a perfectly voiced.

The tooth surface facing the lip or cheek is called the buccal surface, previously called the buccal surface. The surface facing the tongue is called the lingual surface. One facing the adjacent teeth is the contact area. The surface faces the opposite teeth of the arch is called the masticatory or occlusal surface.

The incisors are the six small teeth located at the center of each dental arch. Next to these are the canine teeth or fangs. " All the seats behind the canine teeth are referred to as cheek teeth. In the permanent dentition, there are 4 premolars on each side of both jaws. The fourth upper premolar is the largest of the jaw. It is sometimes referred to as feral or tooth carnassiale (along with the lower first molar). Finally, the molars are the large sharp teeth at the rear of the mouth.

When we examine the dentition of a dog, we must ensure free mouth, lips and tissues of the cheek, or we may calculate and assess your teeth hurt. We must ensure that the dog is nervous, and that the setting of their teeth is not abnormal because of the tension. We must try to reassure the dog that "soften" the jaw by relaxing the position of the head and neck. The position, number and shape of teeth (deciduous and permanent), the structure of the jaws or lips, tongue, etc.. are all influenced by genetics.

In assessing the canine teeth, we must observe the relationship between the teeth and jaw. The serious breeders are careful al'intera teeth, not only the incisors. E ' simple enough to count the teeth and to evaluate the closure of the incisors, but only when we look at the big picture we can see how genetics affect the teeth. Farmers must know the number of teeth, the type of closure or the relationship of the incisors and the relationship of the canines, premolars, molars and the curvature of the jaw. In the case of genetic inconsistencies, should be taken into account in their breeding programs. An excellent source of reference in this regard is the publication of 1992 entitled "Veterinary Dental Techniques" Chartered Holstrom, Frost, and Gammon. This book was released by WB Saunders Company, and explains how different types of occlusions can be understood and controlled, from an estimate of genetic inheritance. Here is a method of valuation explained step-by-step, which appeared in that publication:


STEP 1: Observe the symmetry of the head, face and teeth.

STEP 2: Count the number of teeth. The teeth are divided into four quadrants: an upper left and a right upper and lower left and lower right. In the top left there are 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars and 2 molars (upper left quadrant). The same applies to the upper teeth on the right (upper right quadrant). In the bottom left corner there are 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars and molars 3 (quadrant lower left). Again, the bottom right is made up of the same teeth (lower right quadrant). The total number of teeth in an adult dog should be 42.

STEP 3: Evaluate the incisors. The normal incisal occlusion presents a large peak (a pointed or rounded protuberance that divides the occlusal surface of a tooth) of the lower incisors, occluded near the track (the lingual lobe of an anterior tooth, the term refers to the lingual surface of the tooth facing the tongue) on the lingual side of the upper incisors. The major peaks of the central incisors should be centered with each other. The second and third incisors lose their orientation and the large cusp the third incisor interproximal space should address (ie the space between adjacent teeth) between the second and third maxillary incisors ("jaw" refers to the upper jaw). All teeth should be aligned in a curved line with no rotation. For rotation means an incorrect position of the mandibular bone implanted tooth. The axis of the tooth should be parallel to the jaw.

STEP 4: Observe the relationship of the canines. The mandibular canine or fang should occlude buccal direction (towards the cheek) with the gums and jaw should divide the space between the maxillary canines and third incisors. This is one of the most reliable parameters in the assessment of the mouth.

STEP 5: Observe the relationship of the premolars. The large peak on the fourth lower premolar should divide the space between the third and fourth upper premolar.

STEP 6: Follow the occlusal plane of the two arches. The occlusal surface is toward the chewing surface of the opposite dental arch. The premolars should interdigitated perfectly from the second premolar to the cusp of the fourth upper premolars, with the overlap of the cusps. The molars should occlude allowing the cusp of being functional grinding. The premolars and molars should be aligned on a slightly curved line with no rotation.